California: 40,000,000 people. Each senator represents 20,000,000 people.
Wyoming: 580,000 people. Each senator represents 290,000 people.
Texas: 29,700,000 people. Each senator represents 14,850,000 people.
Vermont: 623,000 people. Each senator represents 311,500 people.
The 50 Senate seats held by Democrats represent 57 percent of the population.
The 50 Senate seats held by Republicans represent 43 percent of the population.
The difference is approximately 42 million people.
I mentioned big and small red and blue states because I don't want to frame this as a partisan issue. But the sad fact is that low-population states are overrepresented in the Senate, while high-population states are underrepresented, sometimes drastically.
The ten most populous states, with a combined population of approximately 175 million, are represented by 20 senators. The remaining forty states, with a combined population of approximately 155 million, are represented by 80 senators.
Now, Republicans LUVVVV this setup because it allows them to seize power with minority rule. As a result, they will twist themselves into knots trying to justify it. But it's unfair regardless of which side benefits.
Like so much else that is wrong with our "democracy," this is an artifact of slavery. The slave states insisted that a slave was only 3/5 of a person. However, this lessened their representation. So they insisted on equal representation in the Senate and disproportionate representation in the Electoral College. This situation persists today--the small states have much more power than the large states.
It's a driver of dissatisfaction nationwide. If you live in New York City or Dallas or Miami or Los Angeles, your vote counts about 1/70th as much as that of a hog farmer in Wyoming or an organic kale grower in Vermont.
We're not a democracy.