they have a fairly comprehensive list on their website. some that I can think of off the top of my head:
Separate check in
Lines for Diamond only or Diamond and Platinum at Cashiers, Buffets
Diamond lines at some of the cab stands ( a favorite of mine)
Diamond Lounge access (hours are pretty limited in Vegas though)
there are show tix (some 2 free, some 2 for 1) available for Diamond
you used to be able to, with the Diamond card, go to Voodoo lounge at the top of the Rio with no cover, no wait in line. I think you still can
I have gotten into Pure at Caesars with no cover using a Diamond card. I don't think that is a usual thing though