Good question.
At last count, the Stardust was down to roughly 1,000 rooms.
The nearest casino in terms of both size and location to the Stardust is the New Frontier, which also has around 1,000 rooms (including large two-room suites in the Atrium Tower). But you’d better hurry; the Frontier will be replaced in the next few years with the Montreux.
They’re both a little larger size-wise, but location-wise they’re pretty close: The Riviera, directly across the Strip has 2,000 rooms (note that all the room counts in this answer are approximate, just for size-comparison purposes) and the Sahara up the block has 1,700.
The Tropicana has a great Strip location, albeit on the south, rather than the north, end, with 1,800 rooms.
For Strip locations, though much smaller room counts, you have to go down to the Barbary Coast (200) and Casino Royale (150).
That’s about it for the Strip. Several similar-sized hotels are located right off the Strip, if you don’t mind the slightly less convenient location. Closest are the Westin Casuarina on E. Flamingo (800), Hooters on E. Tropicana (700), and Motel 6 next door to Hooters (600). A bit farther afield are Palace Station (1,000), Tuscany (700), Gold Coast (700), and Palms (800).
A couple of tiny joints you might consider are the Super 8 at Ellis Island on Koval (300) and the Wild Wild West on W. Tropicana (200).