It was a rival railroad boss whose line traversed southern Nevada. To add insult to injury, he wasn’t even a Nevada resident.
William Andrews Clark (1839-1925) was elected to the U.S. Senate from Montana in 1901, on the second of two tries … both of dubious legitimacy. He had come to Montana by way of Pennsylvania, Iowa, Missouri (where he taught school), Colorado, and a stint in the Confederate army, which he fortuitously left after realizing that his prospects -- pardon the pun -- were better in copper mining and then in transportation.
The future senator’s fortune was further augmented by money lending and shameless profiteering -- such as selling eggs to miners for $3 a dozen, or roughly three weeks’ salary. His fortune grew to at least $50 million. With money coming in quickly, he was able to finance the Southern Pacific Railroad right out of his personal cash flow.
Like Charles Foster Kane, Clark had fingers in many an industrial pie. His empire eventually grew to encompass a foundry in New York, a wire-manufacturing plant in New Jersey, mines in Arizona, oil wells in Long Beach, and a sugar plantations near Los Angeles. His business acumen inspired the saying, "Never a dollar got away from him that didn’t come back stuck to another."
W.A. Clark’s political career was not one of distinction, characterized as it was by broken campaign promises and failed ideas, such as opposing the Panama Canal in favor of a Nicaragua route. Characteristically, Clark favored the latter idea because he would financially benefit. Of him, a colleague said, "If you took away the whiskers and the scandal, there would be nothing left." Clark’s most prominent feature, you see, was an impressive beard.
He served only a single term, although his notion that all federal lands should be relinquished to the individual states would find wide favor in today’s West. In The First 100: Portraits of Men and Women Who Shaped Las Vegas, A.D. Hopkins encapsulates his reputation thusly, "Driven apparently by plain greed ... he is remembered most often for buying a seat in the U.S. Senate than for all his successes."
The year after Clark gained his Senate seat (that august body had refused to seat him in 1899, due to a bribery scandal), he formed an uneasy partnership with a former Handsome Ed Clark adversary, E.H. Harriman, in the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad. Its Salt Lake City-to-L.A. route traversed the site of what would become Las Vegas.
The idea for the southern Nevada route wasn’t even Sen. Clark’s own but that of his younger brother, J. Ross. The two formed the Las Vegas Land & Water Co., which sold the 2,000 acres from which Las Vegas would spring in 1905. The senator, in a gesture of beneficence, had originally purchased the site as a ranch where his laborers could recuperate from illness.
Though a true robber baron, W.A. Clark was not without his philanthropic side. As one biography notes, "Charitable efforts of Clark include a camp for girls in Upstate New York still named for one of his daughters, the Paul Clark Home, an orphanage in Butte that provided sanctuary for the sick and the indigent, and the YMCA home in Los Angeles for homeless girls and their mothers."
Nor did he believe himself above improvement. When he entered the smelting business, he prepared for it by taking classes at New York’s Columbia School of Mines. In later years, he learned French and German, so he could personally conduct negotiations in the European art world.
When he and his brother sold the ranch that became Las Vegas, Sen. Clark reverted to form, doling out acreage at a 500% markup. Not surprisingly, chicanery also marked this deal.
The elder Clark had his hand in the forming of more than one major city. Back when he was publisher of the Butte Miner (one of three Clark-owed newspapers), he successfully pushed Helena as the winning as the winning candidate to be Montana’s state capitol, prevailing over the competing claims of Anaconda. He also financed much of the infrastructure around which Butte, Montana, would develop, including an amusement park, electric railway and power company.
As for his Las Vegas involvement, it ended soon after the crucial land auction, when Sen. Clark retired to the East Coast in 1907. J. Ross would stay on in Vegas far longer, dying here in 1927. After leaving the Senate, W.A. Clark would occupy his later years with amassing a considerable art collection and maintaining various homes, including a Parisian pied-a-terre.
William Andrews Clark would spend the last two decades of his life primarily in a 100-room mansion on New York’s Fifth Avenue. Sen. Clark bankrolled the Clark Wing of the Corcoran Gallery, in Washington, D.C. However, the William Andrews Clark Library at UCLA is named after his son, a book collector and arts patron who outlived Sen. Clark by only nine years. The family dynasty is chronicled in W.D. Mangam’s 1941 book, Clarks: An American Phenomenon.
The William Andrews Clark Sr. behemoth in Manhattan would only survive its owner by three years and its 1928 demolition evidently inspired little regret. Sen. Clark’s Butte, Montana, residence lives on as a bed and breakfast, the eponymous Copper King Mansion.
Ed Clark, J. Ross Clark and William Andrews Clark did have one thing in common, though: All three were founding father of First State Bank, the initial financial institution of fledgling Las Vegas.
